R32 Refrigerant: What It Is and Why It Matters

R32 is the refrigerant used in most new split air conditioning systems in the UK. It is the fluid that carries heat between the indoor and outdoor units. You may have seen R32 on a quote or a unit label, or be choosing a new system or wondering about an older one. This guide explains what R32 is and what the rules mean for you. For the basics of how refrigerant moves heat, see how air conditioning works.

What Is R32?

R32 is the industry name for difluoromethane, a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant. It is a single substance rather than a blend, and it does not damage the ozone layer. It has replaced R410A in most new split systems because it has a much lower global warming potential (GWP).

R32 is not new. R410A, the refrigerant in many systems installed over the past 20 years, is a 50:50 blend of R32 and another refrigerant, R125.

R32 vs R410A

• Global warming potential. R32 has a GWP of 675. R410A has a GWP of 2,088, about three times higher.

• Amount needed. R32 systems generally need less refrigerant to do the same job.

• Efficiency. R32 carries heat well, which helps manufacturers build efficient systems.

• Flammability. R410A is non-flammable. R32 is classed as A2L, which means low toxicity and mild flammability.

• Not interchangeable. Each system is designed and approved for one refrigerant, and it must only be charged with that refrigerant.

Is R32 Safe?

Yes, when the system is designed and installed correctly. A2L refrigerants are hard to ignite and burn slowly, and the amount in a typical home system is small. Manufacturers set rules for minimum room sizes and how the pipework is installed, based on how much refrigerant the system holds. Installers must follow them.

This is one reason air conditioning should only be installed by trained, certified engineers. By law, work on the refrigerant circuit must be carried out by an F-Gas certified engineer. Our article on the dangers of DIY air conditioning explains the risks.

What the Rules Say

R32 and R410A are fluorinated greenhouse gases, known as F-gases. In Great Britain they are controlled by the F-gas regulations.

• Since 1 January 2025, new single-split systems holding less than 3 kg of refrigerant with a GWP of 750 or more cannot be placed on the market in Great Britain. That rules out R410A for these systems. R32, at 675, is below the limit.

• The total amount of HFC refrigerant allowed onto the market in Great Britain is being reduced in steps. The next reduction takes effect on 1 January 2027.

• The government consulted on a faster phase-down in late 2025. In May 2026 it confirmed it would not change the 2027 step, but said it remains committed to reform, so further changes are expected.

• Only F-Gas certified engineers can install, service or repair systems that contain these refrigerants, or recover refrigerant from them.

What This Means If You Have an Older System

• R22 systems. R22 has not been allowed for servicing since 2015, so a leak or compressor fault on an R22 system usually means replacement.

• R410A systems. Existing R410A systems can still be used, serviced and repaired, so there is no need to replace a healthy system. As the supply of HFC refrigerants is reduced, refrigerant may become harder to get and more expensive over time.

• R32 systems. These meet the current rules and can be serviced and repaired as normal.

If you are deciding whether to repair or replace an older system, our guide to replacing old air conditioning explains the options.

What About Newer Refrigerants?

Some manufacturers now offer systems using refrigerants with an even lower GWP, including R290, also known as propane. R290 is highly flammable, so it comes with stricter limits on how much can be used and where. For most homes today, a well-installed R32 system is an efficient choice that meets the current rules and can be serviced as normal.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is R32 being banned in the UK?

Not at present. R32 is allowed in new single-split systems in Great Britain. The overall supply of HFC refrigerants is being reduced and the rules are expected to tighten, but R32 systems can be installed, serviced and repaired today.

Can my R410A system be converted to R32?

No. The two refrigerants are not interchangeable, and a system must only be charged with the refrigerant it was designed for. When an R410A system reaches the end of its life, it is replaced with a new system.

How do I know which refrigerant my system uses?

It is shown on the rating label on the outdoor unit and in the system paperwork.

Does an R32 system need leak checks?

By law, systems containing refrigerant equivalent to 5 tonnes of CO2 or more must be leak checked at least every 12 months. For R32, that means systems holding about 7.4 kg or more, so most single-room home systems fall below it. We still check for refrigerant leaks at every service.

Call 01772 288651 or use the form below to book a free survey. We will measure the room, recommend the right system and give you a clear written quote.

Last updated: November 2026.